But when he yelled out twice more, Tamanika and her friends climbed the steps and saw the TV reports. PITTSBURGH, PA (September 20, 2021) The City of Pittsburgh, City Councilman R. Daniel Lavelle, Pittsburgh Penguins, Buccini/Pollin Group, Inc. and the Urban Redevelopment Authority of Pittsburgh (URA), announced today that the Greater Hill District Neighborhood Reinvestment Fund has received an initial capitalized payment of $7,187,045 from the Pittsburgh, along with 110 other cities, burned for several days and 3,600 National Guardsmen were needed to quell the disorder. In 1889, only Carnegies Homestead mill had union labor. Five Italian laborers were arrested, while most of the Irish rioters escaped. Leaders at the front linked arms, chanted and sang. He never made it to the sanctuary. Irvis pleaded with them to do something. Men up front began pushing their way down Centre. Promises notwithstanding, good jobs in the mills and mines were generally not available to blacks. In the 1880s, the population of the Hill District was 10,000, exceeding 20,000 in 1907, 25,000 in 1910 and 100,000 by 1960. He announced that he would not negotiate with the union, but only with individual workers. Firefighters responding were pelted with rocks. St. Brigid Church (now St. Benedict the Moor) loomed above. I did not cause the situation that exists today and I will accept none of the responsibility for it. Her mother answered. In public, Carnegie criticized the workers, but in personal letters to relatives he cursed Frick. During that summer, they had won concessions from Carnegie. Martin Luther King Jr. Frank Cissell, a skinny 17-year-old with a 3-inch Afro, flared pants and Chuck Taylor tennis shoes, spent the early evening of April 4, 1968, listening to a stack of 45s in the basement of a girlfriends house on Caldwell Street in Pittsburghs Hill District. It was empty. Undoubtedly, this once-elegant edifice promises to be reduced to broken brick fragments and eventually grass. 514 Junilla Pittsburgh PA 15219. 2 Carlisle, 2.3. Why let it go to waste? President Rutherford B. Hayes ordered strikers to disperse within 24 hours, and when they refused, City of Pittsburgh police and local Pennsylvania National Guard units refused to move against the strikers. I know thats Carl because I just gave him that wristband., Brother Phil confronts guardsman Carl Fox on Centre Avenue. The neighborhoods most impacted were the Hill District, North Side, and Homewood, with casualties including . At Jenkins Arcade on Stanwix Street, two women asked if Frank was OK, then went into Palmers Restaurant to get a clean towel for his wound. Television sets flickered and glowed throughout the city. In the 1940s, working with David Lawrence, Richard King Mellon, and other business leaders, Brown drafted legislation that opened the way to "urban renewal" in the Hill District. Like a number of other buildings, as the Jews moved from one hill to another, synagogues became churches; in this case Zion Hill Baptist church in 1956. The units colonel gave an order to begin riot removal. Carl went after Brother Phil. Fifty additional black students began classes in fall 1969. The Hill District is the center of the city. (1968 picture by Morris Berman/Post-Gazette; 2018 picture by Steve Mellon/Post-Gazette). Shards of glass crunched under Brendas feet and the wheels of the carriage. Hamms isnt the only place where people remember how the Hill used to be. Hayti, Arthursville was an area centered where Roberts Street is today that consisted of mainly African-American families in the mid-nineteenth century. A conflict between two or more groups is usually the cause of a riot. A police car pulled up. Ralph hustled to the intersection of Centre and Kirkpatrick Street. Ah, the good ol days, the man to his left chimed in. The Arena was completed in 1961; a key component of the Pittsburgh Renaissance. While it was a boon to the steel industry and big labor, it took amassive bite out of homes and businesses, eviscerating the Lower Hill District. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Viewers on Thursday night gravitated to magical shows Sally Field floating skyward in The Flying Nun, Elizabeth Montgomery twitching her nose in Bewitched. Shortly after 7 oclock the magic ended. Let the sister go, let the sister go, the crowd chanted. The Irish mob broke down the doors, forcing their way in, and a violent melee erupted. Burning and destruction there reached its peak between 3 p.m. and 7 p.m., then diminished. But at night, who knows? The riots and damage was primarily in one small area of town. That was not the case after the Steelers won Super Bowl XLIII in 2006. Proceeding left down Wylie avenue I saw what was symptomatic of the remains of the Middle and Upper Hill. This was all the brainchild of a host of white-shoe corporate types who were eventually called The Allegheny Conference. Munching on crudites at the Duquesne Club, they worshipped the deity of urban renewal. What made this exercise viable was the endorsement of Democrat kingmaker, Mayor and then Governor, David L. Lawrence. The price paid for those riots can be property or lives. Shafer refused, he later reported, unless there was trouble.. Movements were always afoot to aid the neighborhood in restoring some of its cultural glory, but those plans rarely took hold for any length of time. The Crawfords featured players such as Satchel Paige, Cool Papa Bell and maybe the greatest of all, Josh Gibson. This post was published on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform. Strikers set a railcar on fire and sent it down the tracks toward the barges. Recognizing the increasing need for larger facilities and a professional staff, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Kaufmann endowed the Irene Kaufmann Settlement . It wasnt prejudice back then. Menu; Africa. "The Hill District is a vibrant community that for too long has been . Up on the Hill, more chaos. When the Pinkerton guards gave up, union leaders promised the surrendering guards safety. Much of older housing in cities still lacked indoor plumbing and other amenities considered basic; planners did not fully take into account the effects of the disruption of residents and social networks by wholesale redevelopment of urban areas. Centre Heldman Plaza, wholly owned by the Hill House Economic Development Corporation, is a grocery store anchored retail center with fast-casual food and businesses services. For 45 years there would be no steelworkers union. The Hill District has held an enticing,exciting,dangerous something that draws young people to it. [23] The local Duquesne University opened a new pharmacy in the neighborhood in December 2010,[24] the first university-operated community pharmacy in the United States. Naturally all of the national boxing and baseball greats visited, including Joe Louis, Jackie Robinson and Willie Mays. He climbed atop a car and tried to calm the crowd. A Pennsylvania teacher was suspended this week after taking part in Wednesday's riot at the U.S. Capitol, pending an investigation, the Allentown School District said, according to a report. Memphis balcony. And with immigration to the U.S. plunging by more than 90 percent from 1914 to 1918, industries needed a new source of labor. The breadth of those activities were every bit as rich as those engaged in by whites. The Hill District has good and bad spots, and recently is looking to undergo a good bit of gentrification in some spots (namely those directly between Oakland and Downtown in a neighborhood referred to as "Bluff") The area you're moving into is known as Terrace Village. On April 4, 1968, James Early Ray assassinated Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee. We respected each other.. Smoke rose from the building as the truck pulled away. Dont play with us like that, the young women called back. In the crowd he saw people with no previous involvement in civil rights protests and yet here they were, angry as hell. He wondered, Who are these people?, Ralph explained to Irvis, K. Afterall, major Pittsburgh banks wouldnt touch the place. Photographs of rioting in the Hill District after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. are present, as are unique photographs of the officers of Local 11 at the union's offices. He was still seething after Carnegie had forced him to back down in the previous labor dispute. Mindful of the violent propensities of southern landowners who depended on black workers, recruiters assumed the guise of door-to-door insurance salesmen. Out of the protests grew our countrys two-party system as Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, repealed the tax when elected, in opposition to the Federalists, who asserted that the Federal government had overriding jurisdiction in all matters. Greenlee, aside from running a successful numbers operation, also owned one the Negro League's finest teams, the Pittsburgh Crawfords. Earlier, someone had attempted to fire-bomb a white-owned market abutting the Stevens house. Now he was relaxing with friends and enjoying some American Basketball Association playoff action. Pennsylvania Railroad President Thomas A. Scott called for military protection for railroad property. Here is the latest: Man alleged to have 'repeatedly maced' officers arrested A man who allegedly "repeatedly maced" Capitol Police and Metropolitan Police Department officers was arrested in Pennsylvania on Feb. 4, authorities said. Signs and mailboxes were broken and thrown. In an article written by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on the 40th anniversary, mention made of a curfew whereby everyone entering and leaving the Hill District was being "checked." Arrangement The photo albums in this collection, noted below as volumes, have been maintained in their original order. Part of HuffPost Travel. On Saturday morning, Brenda Robinson, now Brenda Tate, pushed her infant son, James, in a baby carriage past storefronts on Centre. Causing more damage, the riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. volatilized the area. Several of the troops were caught in PRRs Roundhouse, which the mob set on fire. Its an occupying force., National Guard troops line Centre Avenue in front of the Zone 2 police station near Devilliers Street on Sunday afternoon. The crowd waited while Irvis secured a truck. Federal authorities are continuing to charge rioters who allegedly took part in the siege on Capitol Hill on Jan. 6. Violent crime has also fallen in the other four Hill District neighborhoods, but none more than Terrace . This biographical research study investigates and documents the experiences of children's lived spaces in Pittsburgh's Hill District. Area, Lower Hill District, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This is where I worked in the summer of 1969 in a two-story walk-up that was the district office of State Representative K. Leroy Irvis. Its a 3 bedroom apartment with your own bed and bathroom. Neighborhoods of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, The Hill District is the largely green area visible above, Location of the Hill District neighborhoods within the City of Pittsburgh. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. Someone said the Rev. Kings death, demonstrators had set 505 fires, mostly in the Hill. Lets call it the Black Action Society, said Curtiss Porter, a senior from Braddock. The Rev. . August Wilson, standing in front of the burnt remains of the Mainway Supermarket in the Hill District, about one week after the April 5, 1968 riots. Around 150 rioters were arrested, charged then released. The flames quickly petered out. Fox also manages the American Elegy website, which features the interviews and work of some of our greatest photographers, well-known and emerging. Between 1890 and 1910, over 25,000 Jews arrived in Pittsburgh from Eastern Europe and settled in Pittsburgh's Hill District, overwhelming the efforts of the volunteer-based Columbian Council School. They are looting to boot. During that time there were 505 fires. Tony understood the rage fueling the uprising. She patted her purse, where shed stashed the march permit. The men carried Irvis belongings down the steps and loaded them into the truck. Tony Fountain had no problem getting past checkpoints in the Hill. Turning left on Kirkpatrick, I drove up to Wylie Avenue. The idea for a march originated with NAACP president Byrd Brown shortly after the Rev. At that time, Pittsburgh was the whiskey distilling capital of the country with more than 4,000 stills in operation in the region. Tim intended to ward off anyone wielding a Molotov cocktail, though in truth all he could do was shower attackers with lightweight plastic orbs. The dictionary defines a riot as a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd. Riots start for different reasons. Instead, Frick built a fence 3 miles long and 11 feet high around the plant. I was just looking around on Google Earth and noticed that the Hill District Blacks were a tiny fraction of the schools enrollment and saw few, if any, blacks among Pitts faculty or administrative staff. The urban renewal project displaced more than 8,000 citizens, who were forced to move elsewhere. In a brick home on Ewart Drive in the upper Hill, 10-year-old Charlene Foggie heard the jarring ring of the telephone in the kitchen. (Al Herrmann, Jr./The Pittsburgh Press). Some 8,000 people and four hundred businesses were displaced. Theres going to be some orphans., The only reason that didnt get out of hand is because of Harvey, says Richard Gillcrese, whod stood with the group. One person was killed, and 926 people were arrested. Shed learned from a young age to stomp her feet when entering the kitchen of her familys Tannehill Street apartment in the Hill -- the noise scared away rats. Although Vernard was severely beaten, he managed to escape to his home. Some suggested a somber remembrance honoring the Rev. Police and guardsmen blocked major intersections, checked motorists IDs and searched for weapons. A historic community at the crossroads of Pittsburgh's past and future. As darkness arrived, Tim Stevens, 22, held a rifle and sat in a chair in the driveway of his familys home on Wylie Avenue. Theyre doing it to support a habit. Proceeding up a hill to the corner of Webster Avenue and Erin street, I came across a hulking mass of a building, blackened and choked by overgrown vines. [19] A new dropout recovery high school, the Hill House Passport Academy Charter School, opened in 2014 and by 2016 had graduated 132 students. It had no effect. The building that displaced much of the Lower Hill, the Civic Arena, is currently being dismantled. Yet signs of any life, let alone that life are long gone. Carl Fox, Alma and Geralds son, had just completed two weeks of National Guard duty in Harrisburg and was driving a military truck in a caravan of vehicles headed back to Pittsburgh when he got the news: The 107th Artillery Battalion would assist police in Pittsburgh. That frustration had boiled over in other cities. [8] Nationally known artists such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington made the Hill District a regular stop on national tours. She said that the use of drugs is just the umbrella causing other crimes, including prostitution, homicide, burglaries and shoplifting. The Hill CDC, as the long-standing community development organization and as a neighborhood Registered Community Organization (RCO), is just as disturbed as you may be to receive such short notice of this meeting AND to have little direct communication of final changes being made to the PLDP by the Developer or the City. Many business owners told a Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reporter their shops were uninsured -- insurance companies had refused to renew expired policies. Alma, dressed in a white dress and pearls, eyed a small space between the legs of a police officer. Mayor Peduto held a press conference saying a peaceful protest had been hijacked and turned into a riot. No, she shot back. - Today, U.S. They would have torn down more, but people complained, Wooten said. Raymond Shafer to order the closing of local liquor stores. Jan 22, 2023. Police scooped up Alma and tossed her in the back of a paddywagon. Unfurnished room with own bathroom in an apartment. The targeted paint store was on the first floor of a red brick building there, and Irvis lived in a second-floor apartment. Sunday evening, Alma and Gerald Fox sat at home watching TV news. The promise of upscale living close to downtown Pittsburgh came with 24-story luxury apartment Washington Plaza, designed by no less an architect than I. M Pei. Police made 929 arrests. This was the first time ever that federal troops were used against union protesters. 514 Junilla, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 View this property at 514 Junilla, Pittsburgh, PA 15219. During that time there were 505 fires. No one knows for sure who fired first, but for 14 hours, union workers and armed guards traded gunfire. Contrast this to Americas second biggest migration west involving 300,000 people during the Gold Rush. It is the Hill District and it hasnt always been this way. [6] The influx of so many new residents resulted in a housing shortage which was exacerbated by the rigid system of segregation that limited potential dwellings for blacks almost entirely to the Hill District. Later that day, fire bombs flew through store windows on Centre and on the North Side. People flipped cars and set them on fire, while others climbed statues and telephone poles. Tony cruised the city in a station wagon often used to fetch bodies from hospitals or the coroners office. Only one year earlier, five days of rioting over the Martin Luther King assassination resulted in 505 fires, 100 businesses being vandalized and 1.000 arrests. localnews@post-gazette.com. When the plant reopened a Russian anarchist, not affiliated with the union, fired two bullets into Frick and stabbed him three times in the neck. Frick resigned as chief executive, but Carnegie convinced him to become Chairman of the Board. (Then photo courtesy of Archives Service Center/University of Pittsburgh; contemporary photo by Rebecca Droke/Post-Gazette) Click on the buttons below to see other . It was home to one of the most vibrant jazz scenes in the country, as well as one of its hottest clubs, The Crawford Grill, which was owned by Gus Greenlee. We have four stores that are broken out, front and back, and we have about 300 people and wholesale looting. Between 1950 and 1990, the Hill lost 71% of its residents (more than 38,000 individuals) [15] and about 400 businesses, leaving the neighborhood hollowed out. At 19, Tamanika knew firsthand the treatment blacks received in Pittsburgh. In celebration, fans took to streets and destroyed parts of the city. Over 100 businesses were either vandalized or looted with arsonists setting 505 fires. By midnight Saturday, police in the Hill had rounded up several suspects and packed them into cells at the Zone 2 station. On September 19, around noon, a band of 20 Irish laborers went to Vernards home and demanded to be let in. DeLoyd Mills in front of his fire-gutted shop on the 700 block of Centre Avenue. The following decades saw the Hill descend into an area of crime and poverty. They used dynamite and tried to pour oil into the river and set it on fire. In June of 67, rebellions flared in Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo and Cincinnati. Pittsburgh's illicit liquor trade had attracted "Capone-like big shots," in the words of The Press. Theyd already been discussing change. (Al Herrmann, Jr./The Pittsburgh Press). The Hill District is a grouping of historically African American neighborhoods in the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Police reported no immediate arrests or injuries. In an instant, the 45-year-old mother was on her hands and knees, scooting through the gap. Date 24 August 1968. On Monday morning, residents and store owners swept debris from the sidewalks. Frank Cissell held a bloody T-shirt against the gash on his head as he made his way Downtown. Hill District residents respected Adams for standing against racist actions by other officers and police brass. How much do I have to take? Carl wondered. (Harry Coughanour/Post-Gazette), You cant do that, Ralph said. Accompanied by John Wesley Dobbs of Atlanta and disguised as a black man, Sprigle journeyed 4,000 miles across Jim Crow states in 1948 to witness first-hand what blacks endured in . The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cut workers pay by 10 percent. Black entrepreneurs established and ran a large roster of nightspots that included nightclubs, bars, and gambling dens, all of which required a constant influx of musical acts to keep guests entertained.This concentration of entertainment spots along Wylie Avenue, Fullerton Street, and Center Avenue provided ready venues for both famous national acts and upstart local artists to perform. Theyre mens shoes.. Photographer: David Wilson, Pittsburgh Quarterly Magazine All Rights Reserved. They killed the most nonviolent member of the movement -- lets burn the damn place down.. The people who are caught shoplifting, Davis said, are not the best-dressed people in the world. Lavell said that the drug problem is because of families who arent teaching their children the importance of receiving an education and remaining drug-free. Residents shocked by the Rev. Together, we're building bridges of exchange and opportunity. The Hill, or "Little Harlem" as it was referred to from the '30s thru the '50s, was one of the elite African-American neighborhoods in America. In Pittsburgh's Hill District, over decades of poverty, unemployment, prejudice, powerlessness. Reports/Resources General to the City of Pittsburgh (specific mention of Hill District) Report Title and Link Summary Author A+ Schools Report Reports on each of the schools in the Hill District, including Weil, Miller and Milliones. Mook of Zone 2, which includes the Hill District guessed that 90 percent of the cases he deals with in the Hill District are drug-related. Frank loved anything from Motown. However, in 1892 when their contract expired, they faced negotiations with Frick. 3 Carlisle, 2.9. The National Guard sets up headquarters at the Civic Arena, built atop a vibrant African American neighborhood demolished in the 1950s. How the Hill District LERTA Happened! The census tract/neighborhoods noted in the Hill District are represented on the Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 6 (Downtown neighborhoods). A group of investors has organized to restore the New Granada Theater, a historic jazz club where Ella Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington once performed. "[10], The thriving musical culture which was endemic to the Hill for close to four decades led the neighborhood to be considered as "the Crossroads of the World" by Harlem Renaissance poet Claude McKay. On a daily basis hed run into an observant shopkeeper named Wecht, wanting to discuss Torah and incessantly kvelling about his gifted son, Cyril. Hardly. According to Pittsburgh . In fact it was after a performance at the Lincoln Tavern that the nationally syndicated black-run newspaper "The Pittsburgh Courier" crowned Ellington "the King of Jazz. New businesses are beginning to find homes in the Hill District, too, such as Family Dollar and Subway. All are gone except for files in the Carnegie Museum. Once adopted by the Planning Commission, the Greater Hill District Master Plan will become City policy and guide public and private investments in the area. Theyre developing the structure that will bring the people back into the Hill District, she said. Favorite conceptions to date prior to "Road Signs" include "Missed Connections" - also with Jon Tai - at Chicago's MacArthur Award-winning A Red Orchid Theatre and Off-Broadway in New York City at 59E59; over 75 magic, music, and wellness-inspired immersive event collaborations with Chef David Bouley; and Nightcap Riot: Mombucha . Beneath a domed-roof can be seen a Jewish Star of David above the entrance. The median home value in this Hill District community is $137,950, and around 20% of residents are homeowners. Outrage spread through the distillers in Pittsburgh In the summer of 1794 nearly 400 rebels gathered and burned the Bower Hill mansion of tax collector John Neville, who had served as an officer in the Revolutionary War. A man in his 40s was fatally shot in the Hill District Sunday evening. During the next decade, he authorized the relocation of 1,500 black families to make way for the Civic Arena. The departments only black detective, he was considered by many to be the offices outspoken troublemaker, determined to buck the expectation that black officers should keep quiet and do menial chores. 5:52 PM. Milwaukee, Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis all experienced some sort of upheaval. Beginning in the 1910s, the Hill attracted migrants from elsewhere in the United States (particularly from the rural American South in the Great Migration) and from abroad, including many Italians and Eastern European Jews. Kings nonviolent approach. He established a law practice, became president of the local NAACP chapter, and served in the state legislature, supported by both black and white voters for eight consecutive terms. The guardsman, facing away from the camera, held a rifle to his chest. From there the crowd moved down Centre, shattering storefront glass, smashing windshields, ransacking stores. She emerged behind the police line and called out to fellow marchers, Cmon, cmon, if I can do it, you can do it.. Hill residents were left with a phantom limb ache that continued to throb more than a decade later. Part of the Upper Hill is also represented under District 7. This is the corner of DeVilliers Street at Centre Avenue in the Hill District, where the Home Drug Co. was located in 1961. In elementary school, during the reading of Little Black Sambo, a school librarian asked a black student to run in circles. Comprised of the city's third and fifth wards, the Hill is located on the upward sloping eastern border of downtown that, in the first half of the twentieth century, fostered a thriving social life marked by the intersection of music, entrepreneurship, and a shifting demographic landscape. He said the Hill District was a close-knit, family-oriented, diverse community with block parties, social events, movie theaters and restaurants hardly what it is now. Enraged at the carnage, more joined the rioters, who then went on a rampage setting fire to 39 buildings, 104 locomotives, 46 passenger cars, and 506 freight cars. The $225 million office tower will be anchored by First National Bank, and is one of the largest projects envisioned for the 28-acre site. In the back stood a National Guardsman with his hands on a .50 caliber machine gun. The day after the assassination riots erupted in Pittsburgh's Hill District and other predominantly black neighborhoods. K. As he entered the narcotics office, Hop heard his colleagues singing in celebration. Someone spit on Carl. Drugs are only taken by human beings. You threw me in the wagon. Lebanon and Fox Chapel. Go to Ebenezer Baptist Church, he was told. Moments later, authorities relented. I didnt come across one person. Since the mid-1880s, tension between the two groups had been escalating as Italians were moving into the Four Mile Run neighborhood (Greenfield). His father, Morris, operated a funeral home in addition to working as a janitor. [1] Despite its cultural and economic vibrancy, in the mid-1950s a substantial area was slated for redevelopment, displacing about 8,000 individuals. Driving up another block to Dinwiddie Street, I passed the remains of a strip shopping center originally designed to anchor a full service grocery store, that proved unsustainable. One of them was Philip Wigle, who had a distillery in the area named after him. If they were lucky they worked as shop clerks, railroad porters, or low-level laborers. [25], The TV series Hill Street Blues was possibly named for the district. In the 1880s, the population of the Hill District was 10,000, exceeding 20,000 in 1907, 25,000 in 1910 and 100,000 by 1960. Shots were fired into the empty office of the attorney representing a white police officer acquitted Friday in the fatal shooting of unarmed black teen Antwon Rose II, and protests in Pittsburgh . Smoke from nearby fires hangs in the air. Kings assassination. More than 8,000 residents and over 400 businesses were displaced, effectively changing the Hill forever. Watts in 1965. Please visit Randy Fox's website for more Rust Belt photography. Richard worked for an organization called Urban Youth Action, and spent his days helping kids become work-ready and community-minded. Hill House is a nonprofit organization that provides social services for one Pittsburgh's low-income, black communities, the Hill District, according to its Web site. There was over $620,000 worth of property damage. Why are you standing up for the white man? he asked Carl. The riot: On Jan. 6, 2021, a pro-Trump mob stormed the U.S. Capitol in an attempt to stop the certification of the 2020 election results. (James Klingensmith/Post-Gazette). Community leaders, residents, and other stakeholders completed the original Hill District Master Plan in 2011, setting forth a number of community goals, program . It only dawned on me decades later that this nave 17-year-old was being provided protection. On June 2nd 1,100 workers were locked out and four hundred more went on strike on July 1.